Operators are special symbols that perform operations on values and variables. Think of them as verbs that act on nouns (values and variables).

Categories of Operators:

Python has several categories of operators:

Arithmetic Operators:
These perform mathematical operations.

+ (Addition): Adds two values.
- (Subtraction): Subtracts the second value from the first.
* (Multiplication): Multiplies two values.
/ (Division): Divides the first value by the second (returns a float).
// (Floor Division): Divides and returns the integer part of the quotient.
% (Modulo): Returns the remainder of the division.
** (Exponentiation): Raises the first value to the power of the second.

x = 10
y = 3
print(x + y)  # Output: 13
print(x - y)  # Output: 7
print(x * y)  # Output: 30
print(x / y)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335
print(x // y) # Output: 3
print(x % y)  # Output: 1
print(x ** y) # Output: 1000

Comparison Operators:
These compare two values and return a boolean (True or False).

== (Equal): Checks if two values are equal.
!= (Not Equal): Checks if two values are not equal.
> (Greater Than): Checks if the first value is greater than the second.
< (Less Than): Checks if the first value is less than the second.
>= (Greater Than or Equal): Checks if the first value is greater than or equal to the second.<= (Less Than or Equal): Checks if the first value is less than or equal to the second.

a = 5
b = 10
print(a == b)  # Output: False
print(a != b)  # Output: True
print(a > b)   # Output: False
print(a < b)   # Output: True
print(a >= 5)  # Output: True
print(b <= 10) # Output: True

Logical Operators:
These combine or modify boolean values.
and: Returns True if both operands are True.
or: Returns True if at least one operand is True.
not: Returns the opposite of the operand’s boolean value.

p = True
q = False
print(p and q)  # Output: False
print(p or q)   # Output: True
print(not p)   # Output: False

Assignment Operators:
These assign values to variables.

= (Assignment): Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
+= (Add and Assign): Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
-= (Subtract and Assign): Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*= (Multiply and Assign): Multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
/=, //=, %=, **= (Similar for other arithmetic operators).

num = 5
num += 3  # Equivalent to num = num + 3
print(num)  # Output: 8

Membership Operators:
These test if a value is a member of a sequence (like a string, list, or tuple).
in: Returns True if the value is found in the sequence.
not in: Returns True if the value is not found in the sequence.

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(3 in my_list)     # Output: True
print(6 not in my_list) # Output: True

Identity Operators:
These compare the memory locations of two objects.
is: Returns True if both variables refer to the same object.
is not: Returns True if both variables do not refer to the same object.

x = [1, 2, 3]
y = x
z = [1, 2, 3]
print(x is y)     # Output: True
print(x is z)     # Output: False (different memory locations)

Operator Precedence:

Just like in mathematics, operators have a precedence. For example, multiplication and division are performed before addition and subtraction. Use parentheses () to control the order of evaluation.